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991.
Murugesan Sivaranjani Ramanathan Srinivasan Chairmandurai Aravindraja Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian 《Biofouling》2018,34(5):579-593
The present study was designed to investigate the anti-biofilm potential of alpha-mangostin (α-MG) against Acinetobacter baumannii (AB). The biofilm inhibitory concentration (BIC) of α-MG against AB was found to be 2 μg ml?1. α-MG (0.5, 1 and 2 μg ml?1) exhibited non-bactericidal concentration-dependent anti-biofilm activities against AB. However, α-MG failed to disintegrate the mature biofilms of AB even at a 10-fold increased concentration from its BIC. Results from qRT-PCR and in vitro bioassays further demonstrated that α-MG downregulated the expression of bfmR, pgaA, pgaC, csuA/B, ompA, bap, katE, and sodB genes, which correspondingly affects biofilm formation and its associated virulence traits. The present study suggests that α-MG exerts its anti-biofilm property by interrupting initial biofilm formation and the cell-to-cell signaling mechanism of AB. Additional studies are required to understand the mode of action responsible for the anti-biofilm property. 相似文献
992.
Insights into the helix‐sense inversion of poly(β‐phenethyl‐L‐aspartate) by two‐dimensional Raman correlation spectroscopy 下载免费PDF全文
In this study, the transition process of the helix‐sense inversion of poly(β‐phenethyl‐L‐aspartate) was investigated by Raman scattering and 2‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy. Temperature‐dependent Raman spectra were obtained during the helix‐sense inversion. The results of 2‐dimensional correlation analysis in the spectral regions of 1600‐1800 and 3200‐3400 cm?1 showed that the intensity changes of the side‐chain ester C═O stretching bands occurred prior to those of amide A and amide I bands in the unwinding process of αR‐helix on heating. The sequential order of the intensity changes for amide A, amide I, and the side‐chain ester C═O stretching bands during the inversion process was determined. It was found that the conformation change of the side chain occurred prior to that of the main chain for the αR‐helix on heating. Thus, we concluded that the transformation of the backbone chain from right‐handed to left‐handed is triggered by the conformational change of the side chains. 相似文献
993.
994.
Eslam O. Osman David J. Smith Maren Ziegler Benjamin Kürten Constanze Conrad Khaled M. El‐Haddad Christian R. Voolstra David J. Suggett 《Global Change Biology》2018,24(2):e474-e484
Tropical reefs have been impacted by thermal anomalies caused by global warming that induced coral bleaching and mortality events globally. However, there have only been very few recordings of bleaching within the Red Sea despite covering a latitudinal range of 15° and consequently it has been considered a region that is less sensitive to thermal anomalies. We therefore examined historical patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) and associated anomalies (1982–2012) and compared warming trends with a unique compilation of corresponding coral bleaching records from throughout the region. These data indicated that the northern Red Sea has not experienced mass bleaching despite intensive Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) of >15°C‐weeks. Severe bleaching was restricted to the central and southern Red Sea where DHWs have been more frequent, but far less intense (DHWs <4°C‐weeks). A similar pattern was observed during the 2015–2016 El Niño event during which time corals in the northern Red Sea did not bleach despite high thermal stress (i.e. DHWs >8°C‐weeks), and bleaching was restricted to the central and southern Red Sea despite the lower thermal stress (DHWs < 8°C‐weeks). Heat stress assays carried out in the northern (Hurghada) and central (Thuwal) Red Sea on four key reef‐building species confirmed different regional thermal susceptibility, and that central Red Sea corals are more sensitive to thermal anomalies as compared to those from the north. Together, our data demonstrate that corals in the northern Red Sea have a much higher heat tolerance than their prevailing temperature regime would suggest. In contrast, corals from the central Red Sea are close to their thermal limits, which closely match the maximum annual water temperatures. The northern Red Sea harbours reef‐building corals that live well below their bleaching thresholds and thus we propose that the region represents a thermal refuge of global importance. 相似文献
995.
A large‐area,spatially continuous assessment of land cover map error and its impact on downstream analyses 下载免费PDF全文
Lyndon Estes Peng Chen Stephanie Debats Tom Evans Stefanus Ferreira Tobias Kuemmerle Gabrielle Ragazzo Justin Sheffield Adam Wolf Eric Wood Kelly Caylor 《Global Change Biology》2018,24(1):322-337
Land cover maps increasingly underlie research into socioeconomic and environmental patterns and processes, including global change. It is known that map errors impact our understanding of these phenomena, but quantifying these impacts is difficult because many areas lack adequate reference data. We used a highly accurate, high‐resolution map of South African cropland to assess (1) the magnitude of error in several current generation land cover maps, and (2) how these errors propagate in downstream studies. We first quantified pixel‐wise errors in the cropland classes of four widely used land cover maps at resolutions ranging from 1 to 100 km, and then calculated errors in several representative “downstream” (map‐based) analyses, including assessments of vegetative carbon stocks, evapotranspiration, crop production, and household food security. We also evaluated maps’ spatial accuracy based on how precisely they could be used to locate specific landscape features. We found that cropland maps can have substantial biases and poor accuracy at all resolutions (e.g., at 1 km resolution, up to ~45% underestimates of cropland (bias) and nearly 50% mean absolute error (MAE, describing accuracy); at 100 km, up to 15% underestimates and nearly 20% MAE). National‐scale maps derived from higher‐resolution imagery were most accurate, followed by multi‐map fusion products. Constraining mapped values to match survey statistics may be effective at minimizing bias (provided the statistics are accurate). Errors in downstream analyses could be substantially amplified or muted, depending on the values ascribed to cropland‐adjacent covers (e.g., with forest as adjacent cover, carbon map error was 200%–500% greater than in input cropland maps, but ~40% less for sparse cover types). The average locational error was 6 km (600%). These findings provide deeper insight into the causes and potential consequences of land cover map error, and suggest several recommendations for land cover map users. 相似文献
996.
Bats play an important role in agroecology and are effective bioindicators of environmental conditions, but little is known about their fundamental migration ecology, much less how these systems are responding to global change. Some of the world's largest bat populations occur during the summer in the south‐central United States, when millions of pregnant females migrate from lower latitudes to give birth in communal maternity colonies. Despite a relatively large volume of research into these colonies, many fundamental questions regarding their abundance—including their intra‐ and interseasonal variability—remain unanswered, and even estimating the size of individual populations has been a long‐running challenge. Overall, monitoring these bat populations at high temporal resolution (e.g., nightly) and across long time spans (e.g., decades) has been impossible. Here, we show 22 continuous years of nightly population counts at Bracken Cave, a large bat colony in south‐central Texas, enabling the first climate‐scale phenological analysis. Using quantitative radar monitoring, we found that spring migration and the summer reproductive cycle have advanced by approximately 2 weeks over the study period. Furthermore, we quantify the ongoing growth of a newly—established overwintering population that indicates a system‐wide response to changing environmental conditions. Our observations reveal behavioral plasticity in bats’ ability to adapt to changing resource availability, and provide the first long‐term quantification of their response to a changing climate. As aerial insectivores, these changes in bat phenology and propensity for overwintering indicate probable shifts in prey availability, with clear implications for pest management across wider regional agrisystems. 相似文献
997.
998.
【背景】抗生素的无序使用加剧了耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌超级菌株的出现,由其引发的感染已成为最难解决的感染性疾患。在生物体系外构建AgrA/C双组分系统的跨膜信号转导过程,对解决金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性问题和发现新型抗菌药物具有重要的研究意义。【目的】人工模拟构建金黄色葡萄球菌AgrA/C双组分信号转导模型,为生物体外研究金黄色葡萄球菌双组分信号转导的机制及以其为靶点的药物筛选提供新途径。【方法】在大肠杆菌宿主细胞中大量表达AgrA和Agr C蛋白,利用亲和层析和分子筛凝胶层析对其进行分离纯化,利用非放射性凝胶阻滞实验(EMSA)检测AgrA蛋白活性,并检测Agr C激酶活性;进而利用脂质体介导法在体外组装AgrA/C双组分信号转导模型,应用EMSA方法进行评价。【结果】分离纯化得到AgrA和Agr C蛋白,二者纯度均达到90%以上,均具有活性。在生物体系外构建了金黄色葡萄球菌AgrA/C双组分信号转导模型,该系统可增强AgrA对DNA的延滞作用,具有信号传递功能。【结论】初步构建AgrA/C双组分信号转导模型,该模型具有信号传递能力,有望作为针对金黄色葡萄球菌开发新型抗菌药物的筛选平台。 相似文献
999.
Xin Zhang Wenjia Chen Jiawen Li Shuhan Qi Siting Hong Ying Wang Lei Gao Zhiyu Shi Yue Liu Wenxiu Liu Yinyu Chi Chunnan Liu Yu Fu Xinhua Yin 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2018,495(1):454-460
Hyperproliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Proper mitochondrial fission and fusion is involved with VSMC function. However, the role and mechanism of mitochondrial morphological changes in VSMC proliferation are not well understood. Here, we found that calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) was increased in the aortas from spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) compared with age-matched Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. There was also an increase in mitochondrial fission and VSMC proliferation, which was attenuated by Calhex231. In primary rat VMSC, angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation induced cytosolic [Ca2+]i increase, mitochondrial shortening and proliferation, all of which could be attenuated by pretreatment with mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1) and Calhex231. Our data indicate that CaSR-mediated mitochondrial fission could be a therapeutic target for hyperproliferative disorders. 相似文献
1000.
Nest survival is a key demographic parameter, yet little effort has been made to improve the accuracy of field‐based methods for assigning nest fates to shorebird nests. We used remote cameras to validate estimates of nest fate from field methods and to assess variation in accuracy of nest‐fate assignment for Snowy Plover Charadrius nivosus in Utah, USA. We correctly identified the fates of 84% of nests in the field, and photos from camera monitoring revealed incorrect assignments for 22% of successful nests and 7% of depredated nests. Traditional field methods could be improved by checking nests more frequently when hatching date nears and spending additional time searching for eggshell evidence, especially when nests are in areas susceptible to weather disturbance. 相似文献